{"id":24095,"date":"2025-05-20T20:38:34","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T17:38:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nemeculab.dmc.ionio.gr\/studentmedia\/?p=24095"},"modified":"2025-05-30T18:06:40","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T15:06:40","slug":"%cf%84%ce%ac%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-%ce%ba%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%ac%ce%bb%cf%89%cf%83%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b5%ce%bd%ce%ad%cf%81%ce%b3%ce%b5%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%82-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85%cf%82-%ce%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nemeculab.dmc.ionio.gr\/studentmedia\/%cf%84%ce%ac%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-%ce%ba%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%ac%ce%bb%cf%89%cf%83%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b5%ce%bd%ce%ad%cf%81%ce%b3%ce%b5%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%82-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85%cf%82-%ce%ba\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2: \u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf <em data-start=\"1010\" data-end=\"1092\">\u201cEnergy usage trends in top tourist destinations: the role of tourism and trade\u201d<\/em>, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc <em data-start=\"1130\" data-end=\"1187\">Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0391. \u03a4\u0399\u03a4\u039b\u039f\u03a3 \u0391\u03a1\u0398\u03a1\u039f\u03a5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em data-start=\"1010\" data-end=\"1092\">&#8220;Energy usage trends in top tourist destinations: the role of tourism and trade&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0392. \u0395\u039d\u0395\u03a1\u0393\u039f\u03a3 \u03a3\u03a5\u039d\u0394\u0395\u03a3\u039c\u039f\u03a3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf: <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15567249.2024.2377986\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"768\" data-end=\"862\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15567249.2024.2377986<\/a>.\u00a0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/record\/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85199018163&amp;origin=resultslist&amp;sort=plf-f&amp;src=s&amp;sot=b&amp;sdt=b&amp;s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28Energy+usage+trends+in+top+tourist+destinations%3A+the+role+of+tourism+and+trade%29&amp;sessionSearchId=e4f86acd7756846947a0c5943d99875c<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0393. CITESCORE &amp; \u039b\u0395\u039e\u0397-\u039a\u039b\u0395\u0399\u0394\u0399<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CiteScore: 6.8<\/p>\n<p>\u039b\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2-\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac: commerce, tourism<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>\u03941. \u03a4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bc\u03b2\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 panel \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 10 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf 1998\u20132022, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u03942. \u039c\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0392\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bb \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2:<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u0394\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bb \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 World Development Indicators (WDI).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 10 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 1998\u20132022.<\/li>\n<li>\u039f \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae, \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 114 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 250 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u039a\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (EN), \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf. \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 LNEN \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n<li>\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 (TRADE) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03b1 (RECEIP), \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (ARRV) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 (EXP) \u2013 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae (LNRECEIP, LNARV, LNEXP).<\/li>\n<li>\u03a9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (FDI) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (GCF), \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4. \u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 (stepwise approach).<\/li>\n<li>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (one-way error component model), \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (LNEN) \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (TRADE) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 (Z&#8217;).<\/li>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 TRADE*Z&#8217; \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (dummy variables).<\/li>\n<li>\u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>5. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2\/\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bb.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/li>\n<li>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Adusei &amp; Adeleye (2020) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Adedoyin &amp; Bekun (2020).<\/li>\n<li>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 (robust standard errors).<\/li>\n<li>\u0397 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Driscoll \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Kraay (1998), \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bb \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n<li>\u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 OLS \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 WLS \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (fixed effects), \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 (PSCC).<\/li>\n<li>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (Driscoll-Kraay \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u03943. \u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"206\" data-end=\"480\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"482\" data-end=\"932\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"482\" data-end=\"579\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"484\" data-end=\"579\">\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"580\" data-end=\"662\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"662\">\u0388\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"663\" data-end=\"826\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"665\" data-end=\"826\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"827\" data-end=\"932\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"829\" data-end=\"932\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"1250\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03b1) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u03944. \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2:<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/h4>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2,<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd,<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2,<\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 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\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4. \u0391\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (GCF)<\/h4>\n<p>\u039f GCF, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5, 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\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf. \u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (GCF<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong> \u039f GCF, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd GCF \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 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\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd 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\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2: https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 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